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調(diào)解者模式,這個(gè)模式的目的是封裝一組對(duì)象之間的相互作用,防止對(duì)象之間相互干擾,調(diào)解者(Mediator)在同事對(duì)象(Colleague)之間充當(dāng)中間匯聚點(diǎn)。同事對(duì)象之間應(yīng)該保持松散耦合,避免一個(gè)對(duì)象直接明確指向另一個(gè)對(duì)象。在調(diào)解者模式下,對(duì)象的關(guān)系和依賴(lài)發(fā)生沖突時(shí),我們可以使用調(diào)解者在耦合的對(duì)象之間協(xié)調(diào)工作流,依賴(lài)可以從同事朝調(diào)解者或從調(diào)解者向同事建立,這兩個(gè)方向上的依賴(lài)都可以使用AbstractColleague或AbstractMediator中斷。
對(duì)象不是孤立的,對(duì)象之間必須相互協(xié)作才能完成任務(wù)。雖然調(diào)解者模式可以限制對(duì)象之間的相互作用,但如果濫用,會(huì)致使編寫(xiě)聚合性類(lèi)變得非常困難。舉一個(gè)實(shí)用的例子,在領(lǐng)域驅(qū)動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)(Domain-Driven Design)中的服務(wù)就是實(shí)體之間的調(diào)解者。再舉一個(gè)php相關(guān)的例子,Zend_Form裝飾和過(guò)濾功能實(shí)際上可以看作是Zend_Form_Decorator和Zend_Filter實(shí)例之間的一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單調(diào)解者,它們都使用Zend_Validate對(duì)象進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。
當(dāng)調(diào)解者必須監(jiān)聽(tīng)同事對(duì)象的事件時(shí),它通常是作為觀察者(Observer)實(shí)現(xiàn)的,產(chǎn)生一個(gè)黑板(blackboard)對(duì)象,一些同事寫(xiě),另一些同事就讀。來(lái)自同事的事件被推向調(diào)解者,再由調(diào)解者將其轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)給其它訂閱的同事,同事之間不需要相互了解,這個(gè)架構(gòu)成功用于隨Zend框架發(fā)布的Dojo JavaScript庫(kù)。這個(gè)模式的另一個(gè)好處是對(duì)象的變化包含在計(jì)算方法中,可以通過(guò)配置不同的調(diào)解者實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo),但實(shí)例化相關(guān)對(duì)象將是一個(gè)松散的操作,不同容器和工廠之間的協(xié)作關(guān)系將是分散的。
參與者:
◆同事(Colleague):重點(diǎn)是它的職責(zé),它只與一個(gè)調(diào)解者M(jìn)ediator或AbstractMediator通信。
◆調(diào)解者(Mediator):協(xié)同多個(gè)Colleagues(AbstractColleagues)共同工作。
◆AbstractMediator,AbstractColleague:從這些角色的真實(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)解耦的可選接口,可能不止一個(gè)AbstractColleague角色。
下面的代碼實(shí)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)表單輸入的過(guò)濾過(guò)程,類(lèi)似于Zend_Form_Element功能。
復(fù)制代碼 代碼如下:
<?php
/**
* AbstractColleague.
*/
interface Filter
{
public function filter($value);
}
/**
* Colleague. We decide in the implementation phase
* that Colleagues should not know the next Colleague
* in the chain, resorting to a Mediator to link them together.
* This choice succesfully avoids a base abstract class
* for Filters.
* Remember that this is an example: it is not only
* Chain of Responsibility that can be alternatively implemented
* as a Mediator.
*/
class TrimFilter implements Filter
{
public function filter($value)
{
return trim($value);
}
} <PRE class=php name="code"> /**
* Colleague.
*/
class NullFilter implements Filter
{
public function filter($value)
{
return $value ? $value : '';
}
}
/**
* Colleague.
*/
class HtmlEntitiesFilter implements Filter
{
public function filter($value)
{
return htmlentities($value);
}
}
</PRE><PRE class=php name="code"> /**
* The Mediator. We avoid referencing it from ConcreteColleagues
* and so the need for an interface. We leave the implementation
* of a bidirectional channel for the Observer pattern's example.
* This class responsibility is to store the value and coordinate
* filters computation when they have to be applied to the value.
* Filtering responsibilities are obviously a concern of
* the Colleagues, which are Filter implementations.
*/
class InputElement
{
protected $_filters;
protected $_value;
public function addFilter(Filter $filter)
{
$this->_filters[] = $filter;
return $this;
}
public function setValue($value)
{
$this->_value = $this->_filter($value);
}
protected function _filter($value)
{
foreach ($this->_filters as $filter) {
$value = $filter->filter($value);
}
return $value;
}
public function getValue()
{
return $this->_value;
}
}
$input = new InputElement();
$input->addFilter(new NullFilter())
->addFilter(new TrimFilter())
->addFilter(new HtmlEntitiesFilter());
$input->setValue(' You should use the <h1>-<h6> tags for your headings.');
echo $input->getValue(), "/n";
</PRE>
<PRE></PRE>
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